Producción de habichuelas verdes en Puerto Rico en distintas épocas de siembra

Field experiments were conducted at the Isabela and Fortuna substations during a 4-year period to measure the whole pod and green-shell yields of five white-seeded bean genotypes planted at different dates. Results from this study show that green-shell beans can be produced in Puerto Rico over a wide range of planting dates. The greatest yields were produced when beans were planted from October to December. Results from a yield stability analysis show that whole pod yields tended to be lower and more variable when beans were planted during the warm and humid summer months. However, higher prices during the summer help to offset the greater risk associated with green-shell bean production during this time of year. The variety Arroyo Loro had the greatest overall yield and the most yield stability. Early maturity and disease susceptibility contributed to the poor yield stability of the variety Cuarentena. Since whole pod yield was positively and highly correlated with green-shell yield, whole pod yields can be used by bean researchers to predict green-shell yield.Durante 4 años se hicieron experimentos de campo en las subestaciones de Isabela y Fortuna para medir el rendimiento de vainas enteras y granos frescos de cinco genotipos de habichuela blanca sembrados en diferentes épocas. Los resultados indican que en Puerto Rico se puede producir habichuelas en una amplia gama de épocas de siembra. Los mayores rendimientos se obtuvieron cuando las habichuelas se sembraron entre octubre y diciembre. El análisis de estabilidad de rendimiento mostró que los rendimientos de las vainas enteras fueron más bajas y variables cuando se sembró en el verano, los meses más cálidos y húmedos. Sin embargo, los precios de la habichuela verde son mayores durante el verano. La variedad Arroyo Loro produjo los rendimientos más altos y los más estables. La precocidad y susceptibilidad a las enfermedades redujo la estabilidad del rendimiento de la variedad Cuarentena. Hubo una correlación positiva y alta entre los rendimientos de vainas enteras y los rendimientos de habichuelas frescas. Esto les permite a los investigadores en habichuela utilizar el rendimiento de vainas enteras para predecir el rendimiento de vainas frescas

The Business of Hemp in North Carolina: Where the Rubber Meets the Road

Industrial hemp continues to receive a lot of attention in the United States of America with a projected annual revenue growth rate of 18.4 percent by 2022. The momentum industrial hemp has gathered in the past few years has made it the ‘new lucrative crop’ for people to grow. However, many farmers have jumped into hemp farming without first obtaining a realistic economic analysis of hemp farming. In this paper, we seek to review and explore the economic opportunities and challenges of hemp production as a useful guide for reducing risks and maintaining profitability for farmers in North Carolina. Our reviews suggest that there are huge knowledge gaps between the \u27promised\u27 benefits (financial incentives) of hemp and what it will take for farmers to reap the financial benefits thereof. Therefore, more scientific research on sources of production inputs, basic agronomic practices, post-harvest processing, supply chain management, policies, and legal framework to guide production and marketing is needed to collect data specific to the hemp industry in North Carolina. Farmers in North Carolina have higher risks of failing and losing their investment and farms due to attempts to grow a new crop (hemp). Only significant effort to address the above missing gap in knowledge can guarantee access to the economic potential as well as plan and implement mitigation measures to the threats facing this emerging industry

Habichuelas y prácticas de cultivo en dos lugares de los llanos costeros de Puerto Rico

Experiments were conducted over a 3-year period (1983-1985) at Fortuna and Isabela, Puerto Rico, to compare the response of three bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes that differ in growth habit and lodging susceptibility to varying cultural practices. The experimental design was a split plot arrangement of a randomized complete block with three replications. Whole-plot treatments consisted of 0.5- and 1.0-m row widths. Subplots consisted of a factorial arrangement of three seeding rate treatments (6.6, 13.2, and 19.8 seeds/m) and three dry bean genotypes. All of the bean lines produced the greatest seed yield in the 0.5-m row width with a seeding rate of 19.8 seed/m. The increased yield was the result of an increased number of pods/ha. Indeterminate genotype 2W-33-2 produced the greatest overall seed yield in spite of the fact that it lodged more than the other genotypes. At the Fortuna Substation the seed yield of all genotypes averaged more than 2000 kg/ha when grown in 0.5-m row widths. At the Fortuna Substation there was no significant effect of row spacing or seeding rate on harvest index, whereas at the Isabela Substation harvest index decreased as the seeding rate increased. Plant height and 100-seed weight were largely unaffected by variation in row spacing and seeding rate. At Fortuna there was more lodging as the seeding rate increased from 6.6 to 19.8 seeds/m.De 1983 a 1985 se hicieron experimentos de campo en dos localidades de Puerto Rico para comparar la respuesta de tres genotipos de habichuela (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) a diferentes prácticas de cultivo. Los genotipos de habichuela variaron en hábito de crecimiento y en susceptibilidad a acamarse. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos aleatorizados con un arreglo de parcelas divididas con tres repeticiones. Las parcelas enteras consistieron de dos distancias entre surcos (0.5 y 1.0 m.). Las subparcelas consistieron de un arreglo factorial de tres densidades de siembra (6.6, 13.2, y 19.8 semillas/m.) y tres genotipos de habichuela. Con los tres genotipos se obtuvieron los mayores rendimientos en parcelas con 0.5 m. entre surcos y una densidad de siembra de 19.8 semillas/m. Los mayores rendimientos se debieron a un aumento en el número de vainas/ha. El genotipo 2W-33-2 produjo los mayores rendimientos, a pesar de que el acamado fue mayor que en los demás genotipos. En Fortuna los rendimientos de los genotipos fueron mayores de 2,000 kg./ha. cuando se sembraron en surcos de 0.5 m. de ancho. Con relación al índice de cosecha, en Fortuna no hubo diferencias significativas tanto en distancia entre surcos como en densidad de siembra. Por el contrario, en Isabela, el índice de cosecha disminuyó cuando se aumentó la densidad de siembra. La altura de la planta y el peso de 100 semillas no mostraron diferencias significativas al variar la distancia entre surcos y la densidad de siembra. En Fortuna el acamado fue mayor cuando la densidad de siembra se aumentó

Dilution-of-Precision-Based Lunar Surface Navigation System Analysis Utilizing Earth-Based Assets

The NASA Vision for Space Exploration is focused on the return of astronauts to the Moon. Although navigation systems have already been proven in the Apollo missions to the Moon, the current exploration campaign will involve more extensive and extended missions requiring new concepts for lunar navigation. In contrast to Apollo missions, which were limited to the near-side equatorial region of the Moon, those under the Exploration Systems Initiative will require navigation on the Moon's limb and far side. These regions are known to have poor Earth visibility, but unknown is the extent to which a navigation system comprised solely of Earth-based tracking stations will provide adequate navigation solutions in these areas. This report presents a dilution-of-precision (DoP)-based analysis of the performance of a network of Earth-based assets. This analysis extends a previous analysis of a lunar network (LN) of navigation satellites by providing an assessment of the capability associated with a variety of assumptions. These assumptions pertain to the minimum provider elevation angle, nadir and zenith beam widths, and a total single failure in one of the Earth-based assets. The assessment is accomplished by making appropriately formed estimates of DoP. Different adaptations of DoP, such as geometrical DoP and positional DoP (GDoP and PDoP), are associated with a different set of assumptions regarding augmentations to the navigation receiver or transceiver

Ibm Kelompok Tani Desa Patampanua Dalam Mengendalikan Hama Tanaman Padi Berbasis Ramah Lingkungan

Program Ipteks bagi Masyarakat (IbM) Kelompok Tani Desa Patampanua dalam mengendalikan hama tanaman padi berbasis ramah lingkungan melakukan kerjasama dengan kedua kelompok tani yang ada di Desa Patampanua sebagai mitra. Kedua kelompok mitra ini memiliki penghasilan utama dari budidaya tanaman padi yang dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali dalam setahun yakni musim tanam rendengan dan gaduh.Tujuan dari kegiatan ini ialah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petani mitra dalam mengendalikan hama tanaman padi berbasis ramah lingkungan. Selama ini petani melakukan pengendalian dengan pestisida yang menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan. Memperkenalkan dan mengimplemtasikan teknologi pembuatan pestisida nabati dan perbanyakan Beauveria bassiana untuk dipakai pada lahan mitra dan dipasarkan ke petani lainnya.Metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan ialah pelatihan dan pendampingan. Adapun tahapan kegiatan tersebut meliputi sosialisasi program; pelatihan pembuatan pestisida nabati; pelatihan perbanyakan Beauveria bassiana; demplot aplikasi pestisida nabati dan Beauveria bassiana; pendampingan produksi dan pemasaran produk. Dalam pelaksanaan semua tahapan program tersebut melibatkan langsung anggota mitra.Pelatihan dan pendampingan yang telah dilaksanakan berupa survei pertanaman dan hama yang merusak tanaman padi, perbanyakan Beauveria bassiana, persiapan bahan dan materi pelatihan, pelatihan dan demonstrasi pengendalian hama tanaman padi berbasis ramah lingkungan, demplot aplikasi pestisida nabati dan B. bassiana, pendampingan mitra dalam memproduksi pestisida nabati dan B. bassiana, identifikasi entomopatogen yang menyerang serangga padi, pembuatan pupuk organik dan pendampingan penguatan kelompok. Melihat antusias kelompok mitra dalam menerima transfer teknologi dalam program IbM ini maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa program IbM ini sangat membantu mitra dalam penanganan OPT yang menyerang tanaman padi. Dengan demikian mitra dapat menekan pengeluaran saprodi khususnya pembelajaan pestisida kimia yang semakin mahal

Dilution-of-Precision-Based Lunar Surface Navigation System Analysis Utilizing Lunar Orbiters

The NASA Vision for Space Exploration is focused on the return of astronauts to the Moon. Although navigation systems have already been proven in the Apollo missions to the Moon, the current exploration campaign will involve more extensive and extended missions requiring new concepts for lunar navigation. In contrast to Apollo missions, which were limited to the near-side equatorial region of the Moon, those under the Exploration Systems Initiative will require navigation on the Moon's limb and far side. Since these regions have poor Earth visibility, a navigation system comprised solely of Earth-based tracking stations will not provide adequate navigation solutions in these areas. In this report, a dilution-of-precision (DoP)-based analysis of the performance of a network of Moon orbiting satellites is provided. This analysis extends a previous analysis of a lunar network (LN) of navigation satellites by providing an assessment of the capability associated with a variety of assumptions. These assumptions pertain to the minimum surface user elevation angle and a total single satellite failure in the lunar network. The assessment is accomplished by making appropriately formed estimates of DoP. Different adaptations of DoP, such as geometric DoP and positional DoP (GDoP and PDoP), are associated with a different set of assumptions regarding augmentations to the navigation receiver or transceiver

Perancangan Turn Based Strategy Game Bertema Perang Gerilya Jendral Sudirman Untuk Pelajar Tingkat SMA

Pelajaran sejarah secara umum merupakan pelajaran yang penting dan memiliki fungsi refleksi untuk menjalanikehidupan saat ini dan di masa depan. Sebagai warga negara sudah selayaknya mengenal sejarah dari negarasendiri. Perancangan karya tugas akhir ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan daya tarik pelajaran sejarah bagi remajadengan menyajikan cerita sejarah sebagai sebuah game strategi yang menarik dan interaktif sebagai mediapembelajaran untuk remaja. Karena mayoritas pelajaran sejarah merupakan pelajaran yang tidak diminati olehremaja. Media yang dipilih adalah game komputer karena selain dapat menampilkan multimedia, komputer jugasangat dekat dengan gaya hidup remaja sekarang. Game ini disajikan dengan fitur gameplay menarik dan videoilustrasi yang mendukung penyajian cerita. Di dalam artikel ini akan dibahas faktor apa yang sebenarnyamempengaruhi kurangnya minat pelajar terhadap pelajaran sejarah, dan proses penggalian ide untukmenghasilkan peracangan game ini sebagai solusi yang mampu membawa masalah tersebut ke arah positif

Polyimide Aerogels and Porous Membranes for Ultrasonic Impedance Matching to Air

This work investigates acoustic impedance matching materials for coupling 200 kHz ultrasonic signals from air to materials with similar acoustic properties to that of water, flesh, rubber and plastics. Porous filter membranes as well as a new class of cross-linked polyimide aerogels are evaluated. The results indicate that a single impedance matching layer consisting of these new aerogel materials will recover nearly half of the loss in the incident-to-transmitted ultrasound intensity associated with an air/water, air/flesh or air/gelatin boundary. Furthermore, the experimental results are obtained where other uncertainties of the "real world" are present such that the observed impedance matching gains are representative of real-world applications. Performance of the matching layer devices is assessed using the idealized 3-layer model of infinite half spaces, yet the experiments conducted use a finite gelatin block as the destination medium

Spring diet of the neotropic cormorant (<i>Phalacrocorax olivaceus</i>) in the Bahía Blanca estuary, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Se describe la dieta del Biguá (<i>Phalacrocorax olivaceus</i>) en un ambiente marino–costero durante la primavera. Pese a ser una especie ampliamente distribuida en Argentina, sus hábitos tróficos han sido escasamente estudiados y, paradójicamente, fue declarada en 1981 como especie dañina o perjudicial en la provincia de Buenos Aires. Se analizaron un total de 200 egagrópilas de adultos y juveniles recolectadas durante cuatro visitas entre 2003 y 2006 en la Isla del Puerto, estuario de Bahía Blanca, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se identificaron un total de 15 presas, siendo los peces óseos los dominantes en la dieta. La lucerna (<i>Porichthys porosissimus</i>), especie de hábitos bentónicos y sin valor comercial en la zona, fue la presa de mayor frecuencia de ocurrencia.The spring diet of the Neotropic Cormorant (<i>Phalacrocorax olivaceus</i>) in a coastal marine environment is described. This species is widely distributed in Argentina and their trophic habits have been scarcely studied. Paradoxically, in 1981 it was declared a “harmful species” in Buenos Aires Province. A total of 200 pellets from adults and juveniles were collected during four visits between 2003 and 2006 in the del Puerto Island, Bahía Blanca estuary, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. A total of 15 prey items were recorded, with teleosts fishes as the most important items in the diet. The lucerna (<i>Porichthys porosissimus</i>), a benthic toadfish with no commercial value in this zone, was the most frequent prey

Dilution of Precision-Based Lunar Navigation Assessment for Dynamic Position Fixing

The NASA Vision for Space Exploration is focused on the return of astronauts to the Moon. While navigation systems have already been proven in the Apollo missions to the moon, the current exploration campaign will involve more extensive and extended missions requiring new concepts for lunar navigation. In contrast to Apollo missions, which were limited to the near-side equatorial region of the moon, missions under the Exploration Systems Initiative will require navigation on the moon's limb and far-side. As these regions have poor Earth visibility, a navigation system comprised solely of Earth-based tracking stations will not provide adequate navigation solutions in these areas. In this paper, a Dilution of Precision (DoP) based analysis of the performance of a network of Moon orbiting satellites is provided. The analysis extends previous analysis of a Lunar Network (LN) of navigation satellites by providing an assessment of the capability associated with a variety of assumptions. These assumptions are with regard to the navigation receiver and satellite visibility. The assessment is accomplished by making appropriately formed estimates of DoP. Different adaptations of DoP (i.e., GDoP, PDoP, etc.) are associated with a different set of assumptions regarding augmentations to the navigation receiver or transceiver